image

Face Lift

Top Face Lift Clinics

New One Plastic Surgery: Premier Cosmetic Clinic in Korea Offering Advanced Procedures and Excellent Care

New One Plastic Surgery

Seomyeon Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Welcome to New One Plastic Surgery in Seomyeon! Pre-book your consultation through the available channels for quicker service. Eye Surgery Double Eyelid Surgery: This procedure creates a natural-looking double eyelid for a more defined eye appearance. It enhances the symmetry and balance of the eyes. Ptosis Correction: This surgery corrects droopy eyelids that may hinder vision. It enhances the eye's appearance and functionality. Eye Corner Correction: This procedure adjusts the shape and position of the eye corners to achieve a more youthful and harmonious look. It can help make the eyes appear wider. Aging Eye Surgery: This surgery addresses signs of aging around the eyes, such as droopy eyelids and under-eye bags. It rejuvenates the overall eye appearance. Under-Eye Fat Repositioning: This procedure redistributes fat under the eyes to reduce dark circles and puffy appearance. It results in a smoother and more youthful under-eye area. Nose Surgery Cartilage Repositioning Rhinoplasty: This specialized surgery repositions cartilage to reshape the nose for aesthetic improvement and functional betterment. It ensures a balanced and natural-looking nose from all angles. Hump Nose Correction: This procedure removes the hump on the nasal bridge for a smoother profile. It enhances the overall facial symmetry. Long Nose Correction: This surgery adjusts the length of the nose to better suit the facial proportions. It provides a more balanced and harmonious facial appearance. Bulbous Nose Correction: This procedure refines the broad and round tip of the nose. It creates a more defined and aesthetically pleasing nasal tip. Crooked Nose Correction: This surgery corrects the alignment of a nasal deviation to improve both appearance and breathing. It results in a straighter and more symmetrical nose. Upturned Nose Correction: This procedure brings down an overly upturned nose for a more balanced look. It helps achieve a natural and harmonious nasal tip. Nostril Reduction: This surgery reduces the size of wide nostrils for a more proportionate nose. It enhances the overall nasal contour. Revision Surgery Revision Rhinoplasty: This procedure corrects or enhances results from a previous nose surgery. It addresses both aesthetic concerns and functional issues. Revision Eyelid Surgery: This surgery improves or corrects the results of a prior eyelid surgery. It ensures a more natural and satisfactory outcome. Facial Fat Surgery PRP Fat Grafting: This procedure uses platelet-rich plasma (PRP) along with fat grafting to enhance volume and rejuvenate the face. It promotes natural healing and long-lasting results. Liposuction: This surgery removes excess fat from targeted areas to contour and slim the face. It provides a more defined and balanced facial appearance. Mens Surgery Male Eye Surgery: Tailored procedures for men to enhance the eyes' appearance, such as double eyelid surgery or ptosis correction. It maintains a masculine and natural look. Male Nose Surgery: This surgery focuses on reshaping the nose for a more balanced and masculine facial appearance. It ensures a harmonious facial profile. Special Surgery Philtrum Reduction: This procedure shortens the upper lip area to create a more youthful and proportionate facial appearance. It enhances the overall facial harmony. Buccal Fat Removal: This surgery removes the fat pads in the cheeks to create a slimmer facial contour. It results in a more defined and sculpted look. Dimple Creation: This procedure forms natural-looking dimples on the cheeks for a more charming and friendly appearance. It enhances the facial expressions. Chin Implant: This surgery uses implants to enhance the chin's shape and size for a more balanced and attractive jawline. It strengthens the facial profile. Thread Lifting: This non-surgical procedure uses threads to lift and tighten the facial skin. It provides immediate and subtle results with minimal downtime. Lift Surgery Facelift: This comprehensive surgery lifts and tightens the face and neck for a youthful appearance. It addresses sagging skin, wrinkles, and other signs of aging. Forehead Lift: This procedure lifts and smoothens the forehead area to reduce wrinkles and drooping eyebrows. It results in a more refreshed and youthful look. Petite Procedures / Laser Filler/Botox: These non-surgical treatments reduce wrinkles, add volume, and enhance facial features. They provide quick, effective results with minimal downtime. Contour Injection: This procedure significantly reduces facial fat and defines the contours of the face. It enhances the overall facial appearance. Real Patient Reviews Before and After Photos: View real patient transformations through detailed before and after photos. They offer an insight into the potential results of the procedures. Surgery Reviews: Learn from real patient experiences and their satisfaction with their surgical outcomes. These reviews provide personal insights and expectations. Online Consultation Channels Online Consultation: Conveniently book and consult with specialists online before your visit. Get a personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs. SMS Consultation: Communicate via SMS for quick and easy outpatient consultation and inquiries. KakaoTalk Consultation: Use KakaoTalk for real-time messaging and consultation. Phone Inquiry: Directly call the clinic for any inquiries and bookings. Online Reservation: Schedule your appointment online to ensure prompt service upon your arrival.

learn more

The Plastic Surgery Clinic in Korea: Unleashing Your Natural Beauty through Customized Aesthetic Procedures

The Plastic Surgery

Apgujeong, Sinsa Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Welcome to THE Plastic Surgery Clinic, located in the heart of Apgujeong, where we offer a wide range of aesthetic and reconstructive procedures tailored to enhance your natural beauty and boost your confidence. Breast Procedures Breast Augmentation: Enhances the size and shape of the breasts using implants or fat transfer. Ideal for increasing breast volume and improving symmetry. Breast Lift: Elevates and reshapes sagging breasts for a firmer, uplifted appearance. Often combined with augmentation or reduction for optimal results. Breast Reduction: Reduces breast size to alleviate discomfort and improve proportion. Removes excess skin, fat, and tissue for a more balanced figure. Breast Reconstruction: Rebuilds the breast shape following mastectomy or injury. Utilizes implants or tissue from other body parts to restore a natural look. Facial Procedures Rhinoplasty: Refines the nose's shape, size, and structure for better facial harmony. Can address both aesthetic issues and breathing difficulties. Facelift: Tightens and lifts the facial skin to reduce sagging and wrinkles, providing a more youthful appearance. Often includes tightening of underlying tissues for long-lasting results. Neck Lift: Improves the appearance of the neck by removing excess skin and fat, resulting in a smoother, more defined neck contour. Can be combined with a facelift for a comprehensive rejuvenation. Eyelid Surgery: Enhances the eyes by removing excess skin and fat from the upper and lower eyelids. Helps to correct droopy eyelids and reduce puffiness. Body Contouring Procedures Liposuction: Removes excess fat deposits from various body areas for a slimmer and more sculpted shape. Commonly targets the abdomen, thighs, arms, and neck. Tummy Tuck: Tightens abdominal muscles and removes excess skin for a firmer, flatter stomach. Ideal for those with loose skin following weight loss or pregnancy. Male Procedures Gynecomastia Surgery: Reduces enlarged male breasts for a more masculine chest contour. Involves the removal of fat, glandular tissue, and sometimes excess skin. Non-Surgical Procedures Thread Lifting: Minimally invasive lift using threads to tighten and lift the skin. Provides an immediate lifting effect with minimal downtime and natural-looking results. Our highly skilled medical team is committed to providing exceptional care and achieving your aesthetic goals with the highest standards in safety and satisfaction.

learn more

Topface Plastic Surgery in Korea: Renowned Experts in Eyelid Procedures and Facial Rejuvenation

Topface Plastic Surgery

Apgujeong Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Topface Plastic Surgery in Apgujeong is a renowned clinic specializing in various plastic surgery procedures designed to enhance and rejuvenate facial and body features. Eye Procedures Eyelid Surgery: This procedure involves removing excess skin, muscle, and sometimes fat from the upper or lower eyelids. It aims to rejuvenate the appearance of the eyes, making them look more refreshed and youthful. Double Eyelid Surgery: Creating a crease in the upper eyelid, this surgery aims to make the eyes appear larger and more defined. It is particularly popular among individuals seeking a more Westernized appearance. Lower Blepharoplasty: This procedure addresses issues like under-eye bags and sagging skin beneath the eyes. Excess skin and fat are removed or repositioned to create a smoother, more youthful look. Double Eyelid Surgery with Ptosis Correction: This combined procedure not only creates a double eyelid crease but also corrects drooping eyelids (ptosis) to improve both appearance and eye function. It is particularly useful for individuals whose ptosis affects their vision. Upper and Lower Blepharoplasty: A comprehensive procedure targeting both the upper and lower eyelids. It involves removing excess tissue and repositioning fat to create more youthful and alert-looking eyes. Double Eyelid Incisional with Ptosis Correction: This invasive double eyelid surgery also includes correction of ptosis by tightening the muscles responsible for lifting the eyelid. The result is a more pronounced crease and lifted eyelids for a more vibrant look. Topface Plastic Surgery is committed to delivering subtle and natural-looking enhancements through advanced surgical techniques. Their experienced surgeons ensure individualized care strategies for optimal patient outcomes.

learn more

Elite Plastic Surgery: The Gold Standard for Advanced Cosmetic Procedures in Korea

Elite Plastic Surgery

Incheon Terminal Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Since its establishment in 2007, Elite Plastic Surgery in Incheon has been dedicated to delivering exceptional, patient-focused care, grounded in extensive plastic surgery experience and expertise. With a skilled team comprising three plastic surgeons, four dermatologists, and one anesthesiologist, the clinic excels in providing top-tier, specialized medical services across various domains. As a beacon of excellence in the field, Elite Plastic Surgery has set the benchmark for plastic surgery standards in Incheon, ensuring patients receive the highest levels of satisfaction and outstanding results. Elite Plastic Surgery offers a comprehensive range of cosmetic procedures designed to enhance facial features, address body concerns, and improve overall appearance. Their specialties span from eye and nose surgeries to anti-aging treatments and more, with a focus on achieving natural-looking, harmonious results. Below is an overview of the services they provide: Eye Surgeries Double Eyelid Surgery: Creating natural-looking double eyelids. Eye Correction: Corrections for a variety of eye shapes and conditions. Loop Fat Solution: Addressing fat deposits around the eyes. Tear Plastic Surgery: Enhancing the tear trough area for a rejuvenated look. Under-Eye Fat Relocation: Redistributing under-eye fat to reduce puffiness. Men's Eye Plastic Surgery: Tailored eye procedures for male patients. Eye Revision Surgery: Revising previous eye surgeries for improved outcomes. Nose Surgeries Implant-Free Water Rhinoplasty: Non-surgical nose reshaping using injectables. Rhinoplasty by Type: Various surgical techniques for nose reshaping. Nostril Reduction: Minimizing nostril size non-surgically. Raising/Lowering the Nostril Without Scars: Adjusting nostril height with minimal scarring. 3D Rhinoplasty: Advanced rhinoplasty using 3D imaging for precise results. Male Rhinoplasty: Nose reshaping catered to masculine aesthetics. Nose Revision Surgery: Correcting or enhancing the results of previous nose surgeries. Cosmetic Injections and Surgery Botox: Reducing wrinkles and lines for a smoother complexion. Filler: Restoring volume and contouring facial features. Mouth Corner Surgery: Lifting the corners of the mouth for a more youthful look. Contour Injection: Injectables to improve facial contours. Bad Breath/Hyperhidrosis Treatment: Solutions for halitosis and excessive sweating. Anti-Aging and Lifting Procedures Anti-Aging Stem Cells: Utilizing stem cells to rejuvenate and repair aging skin. Middle Aged Eye Plastic Surgery: Addressing aging-related changes around the eyes. Smile Lifting: Lifting sagging skin around the mouth area. Mini Lifting: Less invasive facial lifting for subtle rejuvenation. Face Lift Surgery: Comprehensive lifting to address facial sagging. Forehead Lift Surgery: Elevating the brow and forehead area. Forehead Reduction Surgery: Reducing the height of the forehead. Thread Lifting: Minimally invasive technique for skin tightening and lifting. Elite Plastic Surgery focuses on personalized care, employing advanced techniques and technologies to ensure each patient achieves their desired aesthetic outcomes while maintaining safety and high-quality standards.

learn more

The Line Plastic Surgery in Korea: Enhancing Natural Beauty with Advanced Cosmetic Procedures

The Line Plastic Surgery

Sinsa, Apgujeong, Apgujeong Rodeo Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

The Line Plastic Surgery in Sinsa offers a variety of advanced and specialized cosmetic procedures aimed at enhancing natural beauty and confidence. Here is an overview of their offerings categorized by procedure type. Liposuction & Fat Grafting TheLINE Signature Liposuction: Combines multiple techniques for precise fat removal, sculpting the body for a natural look. Targets problem areas to enhance overall body contour. Body Fat Grafting: Transfers fat from one part of the body to another, such as the face or breasts, for natural enhancement. This procedure uses purified fat to ensure long-lasting results. POWER V-Face Liposuction: Focuses on the face for a slimmer, V-shaped jawline. Reduces facial fat to create a more defined contour. Arm Liposuction: Removes fat deposits in the upper arms to refine and tone the appearance. Ideal for eliminating sagging and improving arm contour. Abdomen Liposuction: Targets the abdominal area to remove excess fat and achieve a flatter stomach. Commonly chosen by individuals struggling with stubborn belly fat. Thigh Liposuction: Contours the thighs by removing fat deposits, creating a more proportionate leg shape. Enhances the overall appearance of the lower body. Calf Surgery: Includes calf liposuction and reductions for a slimmer calf profile. Addresses specific concerns like protruding calves. Mini Liposuction: Targets small, localized fat deposits that are not addressed by larger-scale liposuction. Ideal for fine-tuning body contours. AI Diet AI Diet Program: A personalized diet program designed for individuals with a history of weight fluctuations. Employs advanced AI technology to create a sustainable diet plan. Smart Lipo: Combines AI diet strategies with targeted liposuction to enhance overall body slimming. Helps maintain results post-procedure with diet management. Breast Surgery Breast Revision Surgery: Corrects or enhances results from previous breast surgeries. Focuses on achieving the desired size and shape. Breast Augmentation & Implants Surgery: Enhances breast size and shape using implants. Customized to meet the aesthetic goals and body proportions of the patient. Sagging Breast Correction Surgery: Lifts and firms the breasts to counteract sagging. Often combined with augmentation or reduction for optimal results. Breast Reduction Surgery: Reduces the size of large breasts to alleviate discomfort and improve appearance. Helps achieve a more balanced body proportion. Nipples/Areola Surgery: Addresses cosmetic concerns related to the nipples and areola. Can include resizing, reshaping, or repositioning. Ultrasound Breast Diagnosis Center: Provides precise diagnostic imaging for breast health. Essential for planning and post-surgery monitoring. SVF Stem Cell & Lifting & Petit SVF Stem Cell Center: Uses stem cell technology for various treatments, including anti-aging and rejuvenation. Promotes natural healing and tissue regeneration. Nano Stem Revision Surgery: Utilizes nanosized stem cells for enhanced revision surgeries. Aims to improve results from previous surgeries with cutting-edge techniques. SVF Stem Cell Scar Treatment: Treats scars using stem cells to improve texture and appearance. Promotes healing and reduces scar visibility. SVF Stem Cell Hair Treatment: Uses stem cells to combat hair loss and promote growth. Focuses on regenerating hair follicles. Non-surgical Facelift: Utilizes minimally invasive techniques to lift and tighten the face. Offers a youthful appearance with reduced recovery time. Face Lift: A traditional surgical procedure to lift and tighten the facial tissues. Addresses significant sagging and aging signs. Cell Rub Booster: A nonsurgical treatment that enhances skin elasticity and texture. Uses cellular technology for rejuvenation. Petit Surgery: Includes minor procedures such as injecting fillers and Botox. Aims for subtle and natural enhancements. Facial Contouring 3D Facial Contouring: Sculpting the facial bones to achieve a balanced V-line appearance. Often includes jaw and cheekbone adjustments. Genioplasty/Chin Augmentation: Enhances the chin's shape and projection. Can involve implants or bone reshaping. Revision Facial Contouring: Corrects and refines previous facial contouring surgeries. Tailored to achieve the desired aesthetic goal. Eyelid Surgery Twinkling Crystal Eyelid Surgery: Enhances the eyes' appearance by creating a brighter and more defined look. Often includes procedures like double eyelid surgery. Revision Blepharoplasty Surgery: Corrects imperfections or issues from previous eyelid surgeries. Enhances eyelid function and aesthetics. Eyelid Surgery: General term for various eyelid enhancements, including upper and lower lifts. Focuses on rejuvenating the eye area. Eye Widening Operation: Increases the horizontal width of the eyes for a more open and youthful appearance. Involves reshaping the inner or outer corners of the eyes. Upper and Lower Eyelid Surgery: Lifts sagging upper lids and reduces puffiness in the lower lids. Improves vision obstructions and aesthetic concerns. Forehead Lifting: Elevates the forehead and brow area to reduce wrinkles and sagging. Creates a more youthful and alert look. Nose Surgery Barbie Nose Surgery: Aims for a refined and elegant nose shape, inspired by the iconic doll. Focuses on proportionate and harmonious results. NANO STEM Revision Rhinoplasty: Uses nanotechnology and stem cells for superior revision results. Addresses complications and improves previous rhinoplasty outcomes. Revision Rhinoplasty: Corrects and improves results from previous nose surgeries. Aims for functional and aesthetic enhancements. Nose Surgery: General term for rhinoplasty to enhance nose shape, size, and function. Customizable based on individual needs. Fit me Nose Surgery: A personalized approach to rhinoplasty tailored to individual facial features. Ensures the nose complements overall facial aesthetics. Male Plastic Surgery Men's Eyelid Surgery: Tailored eyelid procedures for male patients, addressing drooping and puffiness. Enhances a more defined and awake appearance. Men’s Nose Surgery: Rhinoplasty specialized for male facial structures. Focuses on achieving a strong and balanced nose. Men’s Facial Contouring: Contouring procedures geared towards masculine features. Highlights the jawline and overall facial definition. Men’s Liposuction: Body contouring specifically for men, targeting areas like the abdomen and flanks. Aims for a fitter and more athletic appearance. The Line Plastic Surgery strives for harmony, balance, and health in all its cosmetic procedures, ensuring that patients achieve beauty that complements their natural features.

learn more

Woori Plastic Surgery - Top-Rated Korean Clinic for Personalized Cosmetic Procedures

Woori Plastic Surgery

Seolleung, Yeoksam, Gangnam Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

At Woori Plastic Surgery Clinic, we offer a wide range of specialized plastic surgery procedures designed to enhance your natural beauty. Our skilled team of professionals is dedicated to providing high-quality, individualized care to help you achieve your aesthetic goals. Facial Procedures Double Eyelid Surgery: Creates a crease in the upper eyelid to give the eyes a more defined and open appearance. This procedure can be customized to suit your unique facial features. Rhinoplasty: Reshapes the nose to improve its appearance and function. This can include changes to the size, shape, or angle of the nose. Facelift: Tightens and lifts sagging facial tissues to provide a more youthful, rejuvenated look. This surgery addresses wrinkles, sagging skin, and other signs of aging. Breast Procedures Breast Augmentation: Enhances the size and shape of the breasts using implants. This procedure aims to achieve a fuller and more symmetrical breast appearance. Breast Reduction: Reduces the size of large breasts to alleviate discomfort and achieve a more proportionate figure. This procedure can improve your posture and alleviate back and neck pain. Body Contouring Liposuction: Removes excess fat from targeted areas of the body such as the abdomen, thighs, and arms. This procedure is designed to sculpt and refine your body's contours. Tummy Tuck (Abdominoplasty): Firms and smoothens the abdominal region by removing excess skin and tightening underlying muscles. This surgery is ideal for individuals with loose or sagging abdominal skin. Non-Surgical Procedures Botox and Fillers: Non-surgical treatments to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and add volume to facial features. These procedures are minimally invasive with little to no recovery time. Laser Skin Resurfacing: Improves the texture and appearance of skin by removing damaged outer layers and stimulating collagen production. This treatment addresses issues like wrinkles, scars, and hyperpigmentation. Each of these procedures is performed by dedicated specialists who ensure that all treatments are tailored to meet the unique needs and goals of each patient. For more details on these and other services offered, please visit our website.

learn more

Zises Plastic Surgery Clinic in Korea: Specializing in Facial Procedures, Body Contouring, and Anti-Aging Treatments
Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Zises Plastic Surgery Clinic in Seomyeon offers a range of specialized procedures to enhance your beauty and meet your aesthetic goals. Facial Procedures: Double Eyelid Surgery (Incisional and Non-incision Methods): This procedure creates a double eyelid fold for a more defined look. The clinic offers both incisional and non-incisional options to suit different patient needs. Eye Shape Correction (Canthoplasty and Ptosis Correction): Canthoplasty adjusts the corner of the eyes for a more elongated appearance, while ptosis correction lifts drooping eyelids for a more alert look. Nose Surgery (Rhinoplasty and Alar Reduction): Rhinoplasty reshapes the nose for improved aesthetics or function. Alar reduction narrows the width of the nostrils for a more balanced facial appearance. Cheek and Chin Filler: Dermal fillers are used to enhance volume in your cheek and chin areas. This non-surgical procedure offers a quick way to improve facial contours. Jaw Reduction Surgery (Mandibular Contouring): This surgical procedure reduces and reshapes the jawline for a slimmer facial profile. Body Contouring: Breast Augmentation (Implants): This procedure increases breast size using FDA- and KFDA-approved implants. Various types of implants are available to fit your body type and aesthetic goals. Liposuction: Removes excess fat deposits from various parts of the body to create a more contoured appearance. Anti-Aging Treatments: Botox: Reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by paralyzing underlying muscles. Common areas include the forehead, crow’s feet, and frown lines. Inmode Lifting: A non-surgical face-lifting procedure that uses radio-frequency technology to tighten the skin. It is effective for reducing sagging and improving skin texture. Aftercare and Consultation: 1:1 Personalized Consultation: Each patient undergoes a detailed, one-on-one consultation to tailor the surgical plan according to individual needs. Postoperative Care: Comprehensive aftercare is provided to ensure proper recovery and optimal results. Experience the meticulous care and advanced techniques at Zises Plastic Surgery Clinic to find your unique beauty.

learn more

YONSEIRO Clinic: Premier Medical Services in Dermatology, ENT, and Internal Medicine in Korea

YONSEIRO Clinic

Jonggak Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

YONSEIRO Clinic in Jongno offers comprehensive and advanced treatment services managed by highly skilled specialists in various fields, such as ENT, Internal Medicine, and Dermatology. The clinic prides itself on maintaining optimal hygiene standards and providing comfortable recovery facilities to ensure the best care for its patients. ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) Procedures Diagnosis and Treatment of Sinusitis: Comprehensive evaluation and management of acute and chronic sinusitis, utilizing advanced diagnostic tools and treatment modalities. Management of Tonsillitis: Expertise in diagnosing and treating both acute and chronic tonsillitis, offering surgical options when necessary. Internal Medicine Procedures Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Detailed examination and treatment of gastrointestinal tract issues using state-of-the-art endoscopic equipment for both upper and lower GI endoscopies. Chronic Disease Management: Specialized care for chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, focusing on long-term health and quality of life. Dermatology Procedures Skin Whitening and Pigmentation Treatments: Advanced treatments for skin discoloration and pigmentation issues, including customized skincare plans. Acne and Pore Treatment: Personalized care addressing acne problems, large pores, and skin redness with targeted treatments to promote clear and healthy skin. Laser Hair Removal: Effective and safe laser hair removal services using modern laser technology for long-lasting results. Anti-Aging and Lifting Procedures: Non-surgical treatments such as Botox and face-lifting procedures to enhance youthful appearance and skin tightness. Skin Booster Injections: Expertise in administering skin boosters to improve skin hydration, texture, and overall appearance. Health Check-Up Center Regular Health Check-Ups: Comprehensive health evaluations tailored to individual needs, including public health examinations and pre-employment physicals. Cancer Screening: Specialized check-ups for early detection and prevention of various cancers, ensuring timely and effective treatment. The YONSEIRO Clinic constantly strives to maintain excellence in service and facilities, providing top-tier medical care in a comfortable and hygienic environment.

learn more

...
...
137 – 144 of 245 clinics found

    Are you a clinic?

    Join our trusted platform to effortlessly enhance your online visibility among those seeking top-quality medical care in Korea from abroad.