Facial Botox

Description

Facial Botox injection is a minimally invasive cosmetic procedure primarily used to reduce fine lines and wrinkles on the face. The process begins with an initial consultation where the practitioner assesses the patient's medical history, skin condition, and desired outcomes. On the day of the treatment, the patient's face is thoroughly cleaned to remove any makeup, dirt, or oils that could lead to infection. Next, the practitioner may apply a topical anesthetic or ice packs to the treatment area to minimize discomfort during the injections. Using a fine-gauge needle, small amounts of Botulinum toxin are then injected into specific facial muscles that contribute to the appearance of wrinkles. The most common areas treated include the forehead, crow's feet around the eyes, and frown lines between the eyebrows. The entire injection process typically takes about 10 to 30 minutes. Post-procedure, patients can generally return to their daily activities almost immediately, although some may experience mild side effects like temporary redness, swelling, or bruising at the injection sites. The practitioner usually advises avoiding strenuous physical activities, alcohol consumption, and excessive sun exposure for 24 hours following the treatment to optimize the results and minimize potential complications. It's also recommended to avoid massaging or applying pressure to the treated areas for at least 24 hours to prevent the toxin from spreading to unintended muscles. The full effects of Botox typically become noticeable within 3 to 7 days, culminating in a smoother and more youthful facial appearance that can last for 3 to 6 months. Follow-up treatments are usually required to maintain the desired results.

Ailments treated by this procedure: Hyperhidrosis Scalp, Peri Oral Wrinkles, Facial Sweating, Crow's Feet, Facial Redness Flushing, Frown Lines, Smokers Lines, and Bunny Lines

Top Facial Botox Clinics

Bliss Clinic Korea: Leading Provider of Premium Aesthetic Treatments and Women's Health Services

Bliss Clinic

Sinnonhyeon, Gangnam, Nonhyeon, Yeoksam Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Bliss Clinic Introduction Bliss Clinic is dedicated to ensuring customer satisfaction and happiness through trustworthy and safe healthcare services. Located at Sinnonhyeon Station, our experienced professionals offer a wide range of personalized treatments for a healthier and happier life. Skin & Aesthetics Pigment Treatment We offer customized treatment plans based on accurate diagnoses to address pigmentation issues effectively. These treatments aim to achieve clearer skin with a more even tone. Lifting This non-surgical procedure simultaneously addresses sagging skin and wrinkles, restoring elasticity. It helps achieve a smoother, firmer, and more youthful facial appearance. V Line Contouring Our V Line procedures aim to create a vibrant and youthful facial shape by enhancing the jawline and cheekbones. These treatments help achieve a more defined and aesthetically pleasing face. Volume Enhancement We provide treatments to create a more structured and youthful appearance by adding volume to the face. Our procedures are designed to enhance contours and reduce signs of aging. Body Contouring & Weight Management Body Slimming Solutions Our clinic offers tailored weight management solutions to help you achieve a slim and toned body. These programs combine various treatments to contour and reduce excess fat effectively. Obstetrics & Gynecology Sexual Health Clinic Our dedicated clinic focuses on maintaining and improving women’s sexual health. We provide a range of services aimed at enhancing sexual well-being and health. Contraception and Pregnancy Control Expert practitioners are available to provide guidance on contraception and assist with family planning. We offer a comprehensive approach to ensure safe and effective pregnancy control. Women's Health Checkup We utilize advanced diagnostic systems to conduct thorough screenings for female health issues. These preventative checkups are essential for maintaining overall health and early detection of diseases. Semi-Permanent Makeup MP Semi-Permanent Makeup Our semi-permanent makeup procedures are designed to provide long-lasting natural results. These treatments ensure that you maintain a polished look without the need for daily makeup application. Community Services Event Special Offers Our clinic frequently offers special promotional events. These events provide an opportunity to experience our high-quality services at discounted rates. Notice Board Check our notice board for the latest updates and important information regarding clinic services. Stay informed about new treatments, schedules, and other relevant news. Online Consultation We offer fast and accurate online consultation services. You can easily get in touch with our specialists for professional advice and support from the comfort of your home. Experience premium safety and satisfaction with high-quality medical services at Bliss Clinic.

learn more

Lienjang Plastic Surgery & Dermatology: Korea's Leading Clinic for Tailored Aesthetic Solutions and Advanced Treatments

Lienjang Plastic Surgery & Dermatology

Sinnonhyeon, Gangnam, Nonhyeon Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Lienjang Plastic Surgery & Dermatology, located at Sinnonhyeon Station, prides itself on providing personalized and expert aesthetic solutions to enhance your natural beauty. Below are the surgical and non-surgical procedures offered, categorized for your convenience. Plastic Surgery Double Eyelid Surgery: This procedure creates a double eyelid crease for a more defined and open eye appearance. It enhances the aesthetics of your eyes by making them look larger and more expressive. Canthoplasty: This surgery adjusts the outer corners of the eyes, either raising or lowering them to alter the eye shape. It is often performed to create a more almond-shaped eye or correct drooping. Ptosis Correction: This corrective surgery addresses drooping eyelids that can impair vision. It lifts the eyelid muscles, resulting in a more alert and youthful appearance. Lienjang Customized Rhinoplasty: A bespoke nose reshaping surgery tailored to individual facial structures. It aims to improve the nasal profile and function while maintaining a natural look. Revision Rhinoplasty: This secondary procedure corrects or improves the results of a previous nose surgery. It focuses on both aesthetic corrections and functional improvements. Alar Reduction: This surgery narrows the width of the nostrils by reducing and reshaping the alar base. It aims to create a more balanced and proportionate nose shape. SMAS Facelift: A deep-plane facelift that addresses sagging skin and muscles in the lower face and neck. It offers longer-lasting and more natural-looking results by tightening the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS). Full 5D Face Fat Grafting: This procedure involves transferring fat from other parts of the body to the face to restore volume and smooth out wrinkles. It enhances facial contours and provides a youthful, fuller appearance. Ultrasound-Guided Thread Lifting: A non-surgical facelift using threads guided by ultrasound technology for precise placement. It lifts and tightens the skin, stimulating collagen production for a longer-lasting effect. Cheekbone Reduction: This surgery reduces prominent cheekbones by reshaping the zygomatic bones. It helps to create a softer and more balanced facial contour. Square Jaw Reduction: A procedure that reduces the width of the lower jaw for a slimmer, more feminine jawline. It involves contouring the jawbone to achieve a smoother appearance. Total V-Line Facial Liposuction: This liposuction targets excess fat in the face and neck to enhance the natural V-line shape. It results in a slimmer, more defined jaw and neckline. Lienjang Breast Implants: Breast augmentation using implants tailored to individual body types for natural-looking enhancement. It aims to improve breast volume, shape, and symmetry. Lienjang Custom Pocket Breast Augmentation: An advanced breast augmentation technique that creates a customized implant pocket for optimal positioning. It reduces the risk of complications and provides a more natural result. Body Liposuction: This procedure removes excess fat deposits from various areas of the body, contouring and slimming the figure. It is designed to enhance body proportions effectively. Dermatology & Aesthetic Center Ultherapy: A non-invasive procedure using focused ultrasound energy to lift and tighten the skin. It targets deeper skin layers to stimulate collagen production for gradual, natural results. Thermage FLX: A non-surgical skin tightening treatment using radiofrequency energy to smooth and contour the skin. It enhances skin texture and reduces signs of aging without downtime. Injectables Botox: Injectable treatment that temporarily reduces or eliminates facial fine lines and wrinkles. It works by relaxing underlying muscles for a smoother skin appearance. Fillers: Dermal fillers that restore volume, smooth lines, and enhance facial contours. They are used to treat a variety of areas, including lips, cheeks, and nasolabial folds. Face Fat Dissolving Injections: Injections that target and reduce localized fat deposits in the face. They help in sculpting and refining facial contours. Body Fat Dissolving Injections: These injections specifically reduce fat in targeted body areas without surgery. They offer a non-invasive way to achieve a slimmer physique. Skin Boosters L’ebss MTS Microneedling Skin Boosters: This treatment combines microneedling with skin-boosting serums to enhance skin texture and hydration. It stimulates collagen production and improves overall skin health. Fillroad: A brand of injectable skin boosters that hydrate and rejuvenate the skin from within. They provide deep hydration and improve skin elasticity and texture. Semi Permanent Makeup Semi Permanent Makeup: Long-lasting pigmentation procedures that enhance facial features such as eyebrows, eyeliner, and lips. It provides a natural and defined look without daily makeup application. Lienjang Plastic Surgery & Dermatology is committed to providing exceptional care with advanced treatments tailored to your unique needs.

learn more

Leli Clinic Korea: Advanced Cosmetic Procedures for Skin Rejuvenation, Lifting, Brightening and More

Leli Clinic

Sinsa, Nonhyeon Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Leli Clinic in Sinsa offers a variety of advanced cosmetic procedures to help you achieve your beauty goals with professional expertise and a trendy touch. Lifting Procedures: Thermage FLX: Utilizes radiofrequency energy to stimulate collagen production and tighten the skin. It is known for being highly effective in treating sagging skin with minimal discomfort. Ulthera Lifting: Uses focused ultrasound energy to lift and tighten the skin without surgery. It targets the deep layers of the skin, resulting in a natural lifting effect. Inmode Lifting: Combines radiofrequency and laser energy to target fat and tighten the skin. This procedure contours and sculpts the face, providing a youthful appearance. Skin Rejuvenation: Rejuran Healer: A skin booster injection that promotes skin regeneration, improving texture and elasticity. The treatment uses polynucleotides to heal damaged skin and reduce fine lines. Exosome Therapy: Involves applying exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells, to promote skin health and regeneration. It helps in reducing inflammation and improving skin texture. Skin Brightening: NCTF135: An advanced mesotherapy treatment that includes vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to nourish and rejuvenate the skin. It enhances skin hydration and radiance, giving a glowing complexion. Injectables: Collagen Injection for Neck Wrinkles: Focused on removing neck wrinkles safely and naturally. This injection stimulates collagen production, resulting in a smoother and younger-looking neck. Each of these procedures is performed with precision and care, ensuring you receive the highest quality treatment to elevate your aesthetic standards.

learn more

Clear Charm Skin Clinic: Premier Aesthetic Treatments and Skincare Solutions in Seocho, Korea
Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Clear Charm Skin Clinic, located in Seocho, offers a diverse array of skin and aesthetic treatments to meet your skincare needs. Whitening Clinic Melasma Treatment: Effectively reduces melasma through targeted treatment to lighten dark patches on the skin. This service aims to provide a brighter and more even skin tone. Blemish Removal: Specializes in the removal of blemishes such as dark spots to improve skin clarity. This procedure helps in achieving a spotless complexion. Facial Redness Reduction: Addresses issues of chronic facial redness, often caused by conditions like rosacea. This treatment helps to calm and reduce redness, resulting in a more even complexion. Anti-Aging Clinic Thread Lifting: Utilizes specialized threads to lift and tighten sagging skin. This non-surgical facelift helps in achieving a youthful contour. Laser Treatments: Offers a variety of laser treatments to reduce wrinkles and improve skin texture. These sessions stimulate collagen production for firmer skin. Aqua Injection: Hydrates and revitalizes the skin from within to create a radiant glow. This procedure helps improve skin texture and elasticity. Petite Plastic Surgery Clinic Sculptra: A procedure to restore facial volume and smooth out wrinkles by stimulating collagen growth. It provides gradual, subtle results that improve over time. Botox: Minimizes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles through the injection of botulinum toxin. This treatment helps achieve a smoother, more youthful look. Dermal Fillers: Utilizes injectable fillers to restore lost volume and enhance facial contours. This procedure provides immediate results for a more refreshed appearance. Recalcitrant Pigment Disorder Clinic Bilateral Ota Nevus/Café-au-lait Macules: Treats stubborn pigmentation conditions such as Ota nevus and café-au-lait spots. These treatments help to dramatically lighten and improve the appearance of the affected areas. Acne Clinic D.W PDT/Mild PDT: Photodynamic therapy to treat severe acne by reducing oil production and bacterial growth. This procedure helps to clear skin and reduce breakouts. Accure: A specialized treatment targeting acne-prone areas to reduce inflammation and prevent future breakouts. This method is designed to provide long-lasting results. Acne Scar Clinic Triplex Erbium: An advanced laser treatment that focuses on reducing acne scars by resurfacing the skin. This procedure promotes smoother and more uniform skin texture. Body Clinic Liposonics: Uses ultrasound technology to target and eliminate stubborn fat deposits. This non-invasive procedure aims to contour and slim the body. Charm Slim Body: A comprehensive body contouring treatment that utilizes multiple techniques to enhance body shape. This treatment includes both fat reduction and skin tightening. Semi-Permanent Clinic Beauty Semi-Permanent Makeup: Provides long-lasting makeup solutions such as microblading and permanent eyeliner. This service aims to enhance facial features with minimal maintenance. Therapeutic Semi-Permanent Makeup: Specialized for medical conditions, offering solutions like scalp micropigmentation for hair loss. This treatment improves cosmetic appearance while boosting confidence. Experience the best in skin care at Clear Charm Skin Clinic with our specialized treatments tailored to bring out your natural beauty.

learn more

Herne Clinic: Premier Destination for Advanced Aesthetic Procedures in Korea

Herne Clinic

Gangnam, Nonhyeon, Sinnonhyeon Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Herne Clinic, located at Gangnam Station, offers a wide range of specialized aesthetic procedures. Below is an overview of our key service categories along with their specific treatments. Lifting Procedures: Thread Lifting: Uses medical-grade threads to lift and tighten the skin without surgery. Ideal for those looking to achieve a youthful appearance with minimal downtime. Laser Lifting: Utilizes different laser technologies to tighten skin and improve its overall texture. Suitable for people who want non-invasive options for skin rejuvenation. Plastic Surgery: Eye Surgery: Procedures to enhance the appearance of the eyes, making them look bigger and more attractive. Options include eyelid surgery and other enhancements tailored to individual needs. Nose Surgery: Tailored surgeries to improve the shape and function of the nose, including rhinoplasty. Ensures a balanced and natural look by focusing on the bridge, tip, and nostrils. Breast Surgery: Includes a variety of procedures such as augmentation, lift, and reduction to achieve the desired breast shape and size. Each procedure is customized to suit individual patient goals. Body Contouring: Surgical procedures to remove excess fat and tighten skin for a more sculpted appearance. This includes specialized techniques in liposuction and tummy tucks. Injectables and Fillers: Calcium Filler: Specifically designed to smooth out wrinkles around the mouth area. Provides immediate results that are both effective and long-lasting. HA Filler with Mesh Lifting: Combines hyaluronic acid fillers with mesh lifting techniques to smooth deep wrinkles and add facial volume. Offers dramatic and natural-looking results. Skin Treatments: Acne and Pore Treatment: Comprehensive solutions for managing acne, reducing pore size, and improving skin texture. Utilizes advanced medical techniques for long-term skin health. Pigmentation Treatment: Targets dark spots and uneven skin tone to achieve a clearer complexion. Employs advanced laser technology and medical-grade products. Body Treatments: Fat Dissolving Injection (InMode): Advanced technology to break down stubborn fat deposits. Effective for contouring various body parts and enhancing overall figure. Specialized Procedures: Thread Nose Lifting (Cofitting): A non-surgical alternative to traditional nose surgery, using threads to improve the shape and contour of the nose. Provides a natural enhancement with minimal recovery time. High Concentration Fat-Dissolving Injection: Designed for precise fat reduction and contouring in specific areas. Delivers visible results with minimal invasiveness. Herne Clinic prides itself on providing advanced aesthetic solutions backed by 15 years of expertise, ensuring each patient receives personalized and effective treatments.

learn more

Atelier Plastic Surgery Clinic in Korea: Enhance Your Natural Beauty with Expert Breast, Body, and Facial Procedures
Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

At Atelier Plastic Surgery Clinic in Bangbae, "You are still beautiful and you will be more beautiful here." Below are the categorized procedures offered: Breast Procedures Breast Augmentation: Enhance the size and shape of breasts using implants or fat transfer. Suitable for individuals looking to achieve fuller breasts. Breast Reduction: Reduce the size of overly large breasts to improve comfort and aesthetics. This procedure can alleviate back pain and other discomfort associated with large breasts. Breast Lift: Elevate and reshape sagging breasts to give a more youthful contour. This is ideal for addressing droopiness caused by aging, weight loss, or childbirth. Nipple/Areola Surgery: Adjust the size, shape, or position of the nipples and areolas. This procedure can address aesthetic concerns or rectify changes resulting from breastfeeding or weight fluctuations. Accessory Breast Tissue Removal: Remove unwanted breast tissue that may appear in areas like the armpit. This can provide a smoother and more contoured appearance in the affected areas. Body Procedures Postpartum Body Contouring: Address body changes after pregnancy through a combination of techniques to restore pre-pregnancy shape. Procedures can target the abdomen, hips, and other areas impacted by childbirth. Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck): Remove excess skin and fat from the abdomen to create a flatter and more toned stomach. Often includes tightening of the underlying muscles. CoolSculpting: Non-surgical fat reduction treatment that uses cooling technology to eliminate stubborn fat areas. Ideal for patients looking to contour their body without surgery. Facial Procedures Eyelid Surgery (Blepharoplasty): Improve the appearance of the upper or lower eyelids by removing excess skin and fat. This can enhance overall eye appearance and reduce signs of aging. Facelift Surgery: Tighten and lift the facial skin to reduce wrinkles and sagging. Aimed at creating a more youthful and refreshed look. Ulthera (Ultherapy): Non-invasive treatment that uses ultrasound technology to lift and tighten skin on the face, neck, and chest. Stimulates collagen production for gradual, natural-looking results. Picotoning: Laser treatment designed to improve pigmentation and skin tone. Effective for reducing age spots, freckles, and other forms of hyperpigmentation. Filler/Botox: Injectable treatments to enhance facial features, reduce wrinkles, and add volume to the skin. Offers a quick, non-surgical solution for various aesthetic concerns. Rejuran Healer: Injection treatment that promotes skin regeneration and healing. Aims to improve skin texture, elasticity, and overall health. Visit Atelier Plastic Surgery Clinic for professional consultations and personalized treatment plans. Let the artistry of expert surgeons enhance your natural beauty.

learn more

Reborn Plastic Surgery in Korea: Comprehensive Aesthetic Procedures in Sinsa for a Revitalized Appearance

Reborn Plastic Surgey

Gangnam, Sinnonhyeon, Sinsa, Apgujeong Station

Enquiries go directly to the clinic

Free consultation from the clinic

Reborn Plastic Surgery in Sinsa offers a broad range of procedures to help you achieve your desired look. Below are the categories and detailed descriptions of the procedures offered by the clinic: Lifting Procedures: Thread Lifting: Minimally invasive procedure that uses threads to lift and tighten sagging skin. Enhances facial contours and stimulates collagen production. Reborn Lifting: Customized lifting procedure utilizing advanced techniques for a natural and youthful appearance. It targets specific areas of sagging skin. One-Day Lifting: Quick, minimally invasive procedure designed to lift and firm the face in just one day. Results in minimal downtime and immediate improvement. Temporal Lift: Focuses on lifting the temples to reduce sagging in the upper face. It smooths out wrinkles and tightens the skin around the eyes and forehead. Facelift: Comprehensive procedure that addresses sagging skin, deep creases, and loss of muscle tone in the face and neck. Provides significant and lasting rejuvenation. Eye Surgery: Double Eyelid Surgery: Enhances the natural eyelid crease to create a more defined double eyelid. Commonly performed on those with monolids or asymmetrical eyelids. Canthoplasty: Reshapes the corners of the eyes to make them appear larger and more defined. Effective in enhancing the overall eye shape. Eyelid Correction: Corrects drooping or asymmetrical eyelids for improved functionality and aesthetics. Often used to address ptosis or other eyelid issues. Nose Surgery: Natural Nose Surgery: Aims to create a nose shape that complements your facial features naturally. It addresses issues such as a flat nose bridge or an undefined nasal tip. Alar Reduction: Reduces the width of the nostrils for a more refined nasal appearance. Particularly effective for wide or flared nostrils. Revision Rhinoplasty: Corrects or improves the results from a previous rhinoplasty surgery. Addresses functional and aesthetic issues. Dorsal Augmentation: Enhances the height and definition of a low nose bridge. Provides a balanced and harmonious facial profile. Hump Nose Correction: Removes the hump on the nasal bridge for a smoother and more aesthetically pleasing nose shape. Provides a straighter profile. Drooping Nose Correction: Lifts and reshapes a downward-pointing nasal tip for a more youthful appearance. Often combined with other rhinoplasty procedures. Semi-Permanent Center: Natural Eyebrow Microblading: Enhances eyebrow shape and density using semi-permanent pigments. Provides a natural look with long-lasting results. Eyeliner: Semi-permanent eyeliner that defines and enhances the natural shape of the eyes. Saves time on daily makeup application. Lip Tinting: Adds natural-looking color to the lips for a more vibrant appearance. Long-lasting results with minimal maintenance. Hairline Microblading: Fills in and defines the hairline using semi-permanent pigments. Ideal for those experiencing thinning hair or receding hairlines. Skin & Petite Procedures: Filler Injections: Adds volume to areas such as cheeks, lips, and under the eyes. Smooths out wrinkles and enhances facial contours. Hiko Nose Thread Lift: Uses threads to lift and define the nasal bridge and tip without surgery. Offers immediate results with minimal downtime. Botox: Minimally invasive injection that reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Commonly used on the forehead, around the eyes, and between the eyebrows. Youth Injection Package: Combination of treatments aimed at revitalizing and rejuvenating the skin. Reduces signs of aging for a more youthful appearance. Pigmentation Treatment: Targets and reduces pigmentation spots and uneven skin tone. Achieves clearer and brighter skin. Scar Treatment: Specializes in the reduction and improvement of scars from acne, trauma, or surgery. Improves skin texture and appearance. Contour Surgery: Forehead Contouring: Enhances the shape and volume of the forehead for a smoother appearance. Often combined with other facial contouring procedures. V-line Contouring: Reshapes the jawline for a slimmer and more defined face. Popular for achieving a more youthful and balanced look. Chin Augmentation: Enhances the size and shape of the chin for better facial balance. Can be done with implants or fillers. Double Chin Liposuction: Removes excess fat under the chin to create a sharper jawline. Results in a more defined and slender neck profile. Implant Removal: Safely removes previously placed implants due to complications or personal preference. Ensures natural-looking results post-removal. Breast Surgery: Periareolar Incision Technique: Makes incisions around the areola for minimal scarring in breast augmentation. Allows precise implant placement. Customized Breast Augmentation: Tailored breast augmentation to fit individual body types and aesthetic goals. Uses various implant options for personalized results. Accessory Breast Removal: Removes accessory or extra breast tissue for a smoother and more natural contour. Especially common in the underarm area. Motiva Breast Implants: Utilizes advanced Motiva implants for natural feel and appearance. Known for safety and durability. Body Center: Quick 3D Mini Liposuction: Targeted liposuction for small areas of stubborn fat. Quick recovery with immediate results. Full-Body Large Volume Liposuction: Comprehensive procedure to remove large volumes of fat from multiple areas. Sculpts and contours the body. Lipolysis Injection: Non-surgical fat reduction treatment that breaks down fat cells in targeted areas. Minimally invasive with no downtime. Male Center: Male Eye Surgery: Specialized procedures for men to correct and enhance the appearance of the eyes. Focuses on maintaining a natural and masculine look. Male Rhinoplasty: Tailored rhinoplasty procedures designed to enhance the male nose structure. Addresses both aesthetic and functional concerns. Gynecomastia Surgery: Removes excess breast tissue in men for a flatter and firmer chest. Provides a more masculine contour. Male Petite Procedures: Includes fillers and Botox specifically tailored for men. Enhances features while maintaining a natural look. Male Eyebrow Microblading: Defines and fills in male eyebrows using semi-permanent pigments. Achieves a natural and groomed appearance. Feel free to contact Reborn Plastic Surgery for more information and to consult about the procedure best suited for you. They are located at 2nd floor of KBL Center, 2 Nonhyeon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, right at the exit 1 of Sinsa Station.

learn more

...
...
177 – 184 of 304 clinics found

    Are you a clinic?

    Join our trusted platform to effortlessly enhance your online visibility among those seeking top-quality medical care in Korea from abroad.