Cleft lip surgery, also known as cheiloplasty, is a procedure designed to repair congenital deformities of the lip. Prior to surgery, the patient undergoes a thorough assessment including medical history, physical examination, and necessary laboratory tests to ensure they are fit for anesthesia and surgery. The surgical plan is discussed with the patient’s caregivers, including the type of cleft lip, which may be unilateral or bilateral, and the specific surgical technique that will be employed. On the day of surgery, the patient is placed under general anesthesia to ensure they are completely unconscious and free of pain. The anesthesiologist closely monitors vital signs throughout the operation to ensure the patient's safety.

Procedure Description: Surgical Technique

Once the patient is fully anesthetized, the surgeon cleanses the area around the lip with an antiseptic solution. Precision markings are made on the lip to guide the incisions based on the preoperative plan, often using tailored templates depending on the specific type of cleft. The surgeon creates incisions along these markings, carefully dissecting the tissues to align the muscles and mucosa correctly. The aim is to restore normal anatomy by meticulously suturing the underlying muscles, followed by closing the skin in layers to ensure proper alignment and minimal scarring. Specialized techniques, such as the Millard rotation-advancement flap, may be employed to achieve optimal cosmetic and functional results. The surgical site is then cleaned, and a protective dressing may be applied. Postoperative care instructions are provided to the caregivers to aid in healing and minimize complications, such as avoiding certain activities and maintaining proper wound care. The patient is monitored as they awaken from anesthesia to ensure a smooth recovery period.