Breast surgery is a medical procedure typically performed by a specialized surgeon to address various conditions such as breast cancer, benign breast conditions, or aesthetic concerns. The procedure begins with the patient consulting their surgeon to discuss the specific type of surgery suitable for their condition, such as a lumpectomy, mastectomy, or breast reconstruction. Preoperative preparations include physical examinations, imaging studies like mammograms or MRIs, and routine blood tests to assess the patient's overall health. On the day of the surgery, the patient is administered anesthesia, either local or general, depending on the complexity of the procedure. The surgical site is then sterilized, and an incision is made based on the type of surgery planned.

During the surgery, the surgeon carefully removes the targeted tissue, ensuring to minimize damage to surrounding areas. For oncological surgeries like a lumpectomy or mastectomy, lymph nodes may also be removed for biopsy to check for cancer spread. In cases of breast reconstruction, either implants or autologous tissue flaps are used to create a new breast mound if a mastectomy was performed. Post-operatively, the incision is closed with sutures, and dressings are applied to protect the site. The patient is then moved to a recovery room for monitoring as the anesthesia wears off. Recovery time varies, but most patients are given instructions on wound care, pain management, and activity restrictions to ensure optimal healing. Follow-up appointments are essential to monitor recovery and address any complications that may arise.