A vasectomy is a minor surgical procedure designed for male sterilization or permanent contraception. It is typically performed in a doctor's office or outpatient surgical center. The procedure begins with the administration of a local anesthetic to numb the scrotal area, ensuring that the patient experiences minimal discomfort. Once the area is anesthetized, the surgeon makes one or two small incisions in the scrotum to access the vas deferens, the tubes responsible for transporting sperm from the testicles to the urethra. The surgeon then cuts, ties, or seals each vas deferens to prevent sperm from mixing with the semen that is ejaculated, effectively rendering the man sterile. The incisions are closed with stitches or surgical glue.

Post-procedure, patients may experience mild pain, bruising, or swelling, which can typically be managed with over-the-counter pain medications and supportive care such as ice packs and rest. The recovery period is generally brief, with most men resuming normal activities within a few days. However, it is crucial to follow the doctor's instructions regarding activity restrictions and wound care to promote proper healing and reduce the risk of complications. Importantly, a vasectomy does not provide immediate sterility; residual sperm may be present in the vas deferens for several months post-surgery. Men are advised to use alternative contraception methods until a follow-up semen analysis confirms the absence of sperm, ensuring the success of the procedure.