Sinus surgery, or functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), is a medical procedure used to alleviate chronic sinusitis, sinus infections resistant to medication, or abnormal sinus structures. The primary goal of this surgery is to enhance the natural drainage of the sinuses, enabling better mucus discharge, thereby reducing inflammation and healing sinus problems. Modern sinus surgeries are generally performed using endoscopic techniques that involve inserting a very thin flexible tube, called an endoscope, through the nose. This endoscope carries a light and camera at the end, which helps doctors view the nasal passages and sinus openings without making any external incisions.

During the surgery, the doctor uses small surgical tools to remove polyps or other obstructions that are blocking the sinus openings, expanding the passages to allow for better draining. Different micro-instuments might be used depending on the specific problem — be it removing tissues causing blockage, or rectifying a deviated nasal septum. The entire process is generally carried out under general or local anesthesia, according to the patient's needs. Sinus surgery is typically an outpatient procedure, meaning you can go home on the same day, though post-operative care like saline irrigations or topical medications is necessary for a successful recovery.