Scalp tissue expansion is a surgical procedure used primarily in reconstructive surgeries to repair areas of the scalp that have been affected by trauma, burns, or other skin defects. The process begins with the selection of the appropriate area of healthy scalp tissue adjacent to the defect site. During the initial surgery, a silicone balloon expander is placed under the scalp in this targeted area. The expander is typically connected to a small filling port, which may be positioned under the skin or externally. Over subsequent weeks or months, the expander is gradually filled with saline solution through the port. This filling process is done incrementally, usually every one to two weeks, allowing the tissue to stretch and grow new skin cells, thereby creating an excess of scalp tissue.

Once sufficient tissue expansion has occurred, a second surgical procedure is performed to remove the expander and use the newly created tissue to cover the defect. The expanded skin is carefully elevated, and the defect is excised if necessary. The expanded flap is then transposed or rotated into place to cover the area, and the edges of the expanded skin are meticulously sutured to the surrounding tissue. This technique allows for the effective and cosmetically appealing repair of scalp defects without the need for skin grafts from other parts of the body. Post-operative care includes monitoring for signs of infection, ensuring the scalp flap is healing properly, and managing any discomfort or complications that may arise. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to ensure the long-term success of the tissue expansion and defect repair.