Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH), also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia, is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that typically affects aging men. The prostate, which is a small gland located below the bladder and surrounding the urethra, increases in size in response to hormonal changes that occur with advancing age. The enlarged prostate can impinge on the urethra, causing urinary symptoms such as a frequent need to urinate, difficulty starting and stopping urination, weak urine stream, and inability to completely empty the bladder.

Procedural management of BPH often begins with a clinical assessment, including a review of symptoms, digital rectal examination, and measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels to rule out prostate cancer. When lifestyle modifications and medical therapy—such as alpha-blockers or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors—are insufficient, surgical interventions may be considered. One common procedure is Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), where a resectoscope is inserted through the urethra to trim away excess prostate tissue. Alternatively, newer, less invasive techniques such as laser therapy, transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT), or UroLift (prostatic urethral lift) can be employed to relieve symptoms. Each treatment option carries its risks and benefits, which should be discussed between the patient and healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate course of action.