Blood purification is a therapeutic procedure used to remove toxins, waste products, and other harmful substances from the blood. This process is commonly employed in conditions such as kidney failure, severe infections, and certain autoimmune diseases. One of the primary methods of blood purification is hemodialysis, where the patient's blood is passed through a dialyzer, an artificial kidney, which filters out waste products and excess fluids. The procedure begins with the insertion of a needle or catheter into a blood vessel, allowing blood to be drawn from the body and passed through the dialyzer. The clean blood is then returned to the body, completing the cycle. Depending on the patient's condition, hemodialysis sessions typically last about four hours and are conducted three times a week.

Another advanced blood purification method is continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), often used in critically ill patients who cannot tolerate hemodialysis. CRRT operates continuously over 24-hour periods, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and fluids. During this procedure, blood passes through a hemofilter, where toxins and excess fluids are removed. The purified blood is then reinfused into the patient. CRRT involves the use of specialized machines and requires close monitoring by healthcare professionals to ensure patient safety and the efficacy of the treatment. This method is particularly useful for those with unstable hemodynamic conditions or severe acute kidney injury. Other blood purification techniques include plasmapheresis, which involves the removal of plasma containing harmful antibodies or toxins, and adsorption methods, where specific toxins are captured using special adsorbent materials as blood flows through a cartridge. Each procedure is tailored to the patient's specific medical needs and condition, with the goal of stabilizing and improving their overall health.